CHILDHOOD CANCER Home / Childhood Cancer

Awareness

In India, an estimated 75,000-80,000 children fall prey to some form of childhood cancer every year. Sadly, most of the cases are either diagnosed late or, even worse, remain undiagnosed, resulting in loss of precious young lives. Childhood cancer is not the same as adult cancer. Unlike adults, children rarely contract carcinomas or chronic leukemias. And most forms of childhood cancer are effectively treatable when diagnosed early. Let’s have a look at the various forms of childhood cancer and their signs and symptoms.

  • Acute Leukemia: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
  • Brain and Spinal Cord tumors: Medulloblastoma, Glioma, Ependymoma
  • Abdominal tumors: Neuroblastoma, Wilms’ Tumour
  • Lymphoma: Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin
  • Bone and Soft Tissue tumors: Rhabdomyosarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ewing`s Sarcoma
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Hepatoblastoma (Liver tumor)
  • Histiocytosis
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • Germ cell tumors (can occur in any part of the body)
  • Symptoms
  • Prevention

Symptoms

  • Paleness, fatigue: Especially if persistent and associated with signs of bone marrow infiltration (unexplained fever, recurrent infections, haemorrhagic diathesis) and/or lymphadenopathy
  • Recurrent or treatment-resistant infections: May be associated with paleness, petechiae, weight loss, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or presence of a palpable mass
  • Anorexia and weight loss: Protracted, unexplained anorexia, especially if accompanied by significant weight loss or other suspicious findings (recurrent infections, fever, paleness, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly)
  • Headaches: Persistent headaches that occur in the morning, especially when the child has no history of migraine; accompanied by vomiting or neurologic deficits (cranial nerve palsies, motor and sensory signs); occipital location; when the pain worsens on lying down
  • School performance deterioration: Sudden changes in personality; unexplained mood swing
  • Bone pains/ Limp: Bone pain that awakens the child at night, lasts for more than 2 weeks, the pain is localized and is associated with swelling, does not improve with NSAIDS
  • Urine retention/Enuresis: of recent onset
  • Epistaxis: Increase in frequency and sometimes associated with snoring
  • Precocious puberty/Pubertal delay: Frequently seen in pituitary tumours
  • Excessive thirst/Craving for ice: Suggestive of diabetes insipidus, can be seen in histiocytosis/ pituitary tumours/ germ cell tumours
  • White eye reflex: If the child’s photographs show a hazy white globule in the eye(s), an immediate examination of the eyes should be done to rule out the possibility of retinoblastoma

Prevention

  • early detection is important in childhood cancer. Not to ignore the red flag signs.
  • Current Technology we (H.N.R.F. Hospital) are using for treatment: we have state of the art infrastructure which leads to low infection rates post chemotherapy neutropenia (low counts). We are doing world class treatment with latest technologies and protocols. We have recently successfully performed India`s first immunologically advanced bone marrow transplant for relapsed acute leukemia.